Potential complicationsAfter Lasik / PRK
The most common complication from refractive surgery is the incidence of "dry eyes." According to an American Journal of Ophthalmology study of March 2006, the incidence rate of dry eyes from LASIK after the six month post operative healing period was 36%. The FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) website states that "dry eyes" may be permanent.
The high incidence of dry eyes necessitates a proper preoperative and post operative evaluation and treatment for dry eyes. There are a number of successful treatments for dry eyes including artificial tears, prescription tears and punctal occlusion. Punctal occlusion is accomplished by placing a collagen plug in the natural drain of the eye. Dry eyes, if left untreated can compromise the visual outcome and result in regression of the effect of LASIK or PRK, or in severe cases result in "chronic dry eye" where permanent chronic pain and visual impairment is a possible outcome. It also must be noted that some incidences of dry eye cannot be successfully mitigated using the above mentioned techniques, so a potential lasik patient must consider that dry eye can be a permanent outcome and untreatable.
The risk for a patient of suffering from disturbing visual side effects such as halos, double vision (ghosting), loss of contrast sensitivity (foggy vision) and glare after LASIK depends on the degree of ametropia before the laser eye surgery and other risk factors.[37] For this reason, it is important to take into account the individual risk potential of a patient and not just the average probability for all patients.[38] The following are some of the more frequently reported complications of LASIK:[39][40]
- Surgery induced dry eyes
- Overcorrection[41] or undercorrection
- Very Low level vitamin D - Sun sensitivity
- Visual acuity fluctuation
- Halos[42] or starbursts[43] around light sources at night
- Light sensitivity
- Ghost images[44] or double vision
- Wrinkles in flap (striae)[45]
- Decentered ablation
- Debris or growth under flap
- Thin or buttonhole flap [46]
- Induced astigmatism
- Corneal Ectasia
- Floaters
- Epithelium erosion
- Posterior vitreous detachment[47]
- Macular hole[48]
Complications due to LASIK have been classified as those that occur due to preoperative, intraoperative, early postoperative, or late postoperative sources:[49]
